1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2021
/  

( )
 : 3   :100
:     -     ,           
      
-
1.           
2.        ?        ?
-
3.                
           ?
4.                
2
Easy2Siksha
-
5.        ? 1991          
  
6.                
-
7.                ?
8.               
    
?
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2021
/  

( )
 : 3   : 100
:     -     ,           
      
-
1.           
:        
                
   ,    -       
 ,     -   , , , ,  
                , 
-           :  
 ,   ,  ,     , 
,       '  
1.    
      (GDP)      
        ,     50%  
              -
   ,            16-17%  
    ,       ,   
 ,       
 
4
Easy2Siksha
2.   
                 
      50%        '   
       ,       ,  - 
                 
,              ,    
         
3.     -
      
 ,   1.4      
     1960            
  -           
        '        -
 ,   ,        ,  
       ,      - ,
 ,           
          ,     
    
        
          
,   
       ()     
    '    ,   '   

4.   
  ,            
, , ,      , , ,  -  
  '            
    '     ,   ,   
    ,       '       
       ,        
 
        
 
5.  
        
   , , ,
               
      10-12% ,        

            
    ,
     ,       ,  
        
5
Easy2Siksha
2018    ,       , 
 
   '   ,     
      
 
6.      
           ,    
 65-70%  ,   '  -   '   
               
  '     
      '        ,  
  ,     ,      
 ,        ,      
     -       ,  
,   ,    
       ()   ,  
     ,  -    
,      '    ,   - 
    .
7.    
            ,   
       ,  ,    
              
    ,   ,        
  ,       ,  ,
                
      ,       
,   '          
8.      
       ,      
     ,  ,      
              
       '     
 ,
          
    ,    -    
            (PMKSY), 
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Easy2Siksha
  ,           
            
  
9.     
    ,         
              
      (eNAM),      (PMFBY), 
   (KCC)      
2022       ' ,     ,  
            
 ,           
  
10.    
      -        
,            , 
    ,  ,   -      
              
 

        ,     
      , ,  ,    
   ,         ,   
      
    ,  
             
                 
              
 ,       
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Easy2Siksha
2.        ?        ?
:   :   
      
        
               
  (1987)          , 
           ,  ,
              
  ,         ,     
  ,    
    ,      ,   , 
,   ,         
   '  
     
         : ,  
                
 
1.  :          
   -    ,      ,    
  ,    '     
2.   :      ( , , , ,
)            ,    
   ,   ,    ,  
     
3.  :      '       
  ,         ,
             
 
       
               
 
 :
1.  :  1.4       ,     
    
           ,
   '   
       
          
 
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Easy2Siksha
2.   :             
         ,     
             
   
3.     :          , 
     ,   ,       
              , 
 ,          
4.     :         
          , 
      '   ,      
  
 
5. :          ,    
         , -,   
   ,      
            
              
           :
1.    
             -
      '        
               ' 

   :        
- ,   , ,  ,    ' 
        
 :  ,  ,      
    
         
         ,      
       
2.        
                
      :
   :       
      
     
9
Easy2Siksha
 (NAP)      ,    -   
         
  :         ,     
             
 ,    ,        
    
 :   -       ,
              
 ,   -  ,      

3.   
     ,    
   
               
     
    : ,   -     

 '         2022  175
       ,     
      
 :     -   
       '    , , 
 (PAT)        - 
     
4.      
,            
        
     
         :
   :       
()           , -
      
 
   :      ,   
 ,              
 ,          
  
5.     
             
           :
10
Easy2Siksha
  :         
 
,           
  ,  ,    - , 
    
  :       ,  
 ,  -  (  ,  )
  ,   ,  
 '   
   
6.     
            
    ,    ,    
              
   :  ,   ,    
             
    (CSR):    CSR  

            
 ,          


              
           - ,
 -,           
 ,         ,    
  ,           
-
3.                
           ?
: -
        ,        
,         ,      
   ,   ' 1991       , 
    ,      ,   
11
Easy2Siksha
            
           ,   '  
,         
   
      '        : 
 (   ),   (  ),  
   ()            
 ,   -        
1.  
     ' ,      ,   
               , 
          1950-51 ,    
 52%   ,            15% 
 ,        
 
2.  
 ,   ,         
   , , ,       
               
      ,     ,  
,      '          ,
    (MSMEs)       

,         
3.    
 ,   .., , , ,       ,
         55%    
    
 
   IT        ,  , ,
             
       ,   '   ,   
 ,            
        '   
1991            ,
                ,
              '
            
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1.       
1991  ,             
,         ,   
,   ,            
   '      '  ,    -
                
           ,   
  ,      
2.      (FDI)
     (FDI)    ,   
  -          ,
, ,           -
    ,   ,        
 ,      , ,    
        ,        
 
3. 
  ,         ,    
      (...)        
         ,  -  
         ' ,     
  ,          
4.   
            
  '   ,          
               
, ,         ,  
          
   ,
,            
5.    
       ,      
               
,            
   2017      ()      
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Easy2Siksha
  , 
             
  ,           
6. -  
         -    
   :
    (2014):     
 ,    ,  , ,  
         
  
  :      
     -   ' 
   .., -,       ' 
 
   (2017):       , 
            '
  
7.MSMEs ' 
,     (MSMEs)        
      MSMEs     
     , MSMEs  
,      
    ,           
        MSMEs  ,    
            
   
8.       
    ,          
     ,  ,    ' 
       ,    (EVs), 
    ,    -     
  '      ,  ,    ' 
          

              
              , 
,   ' ,  IT       ,    
14
Easy2Siksha
       -,   ,   
-             
-      ,      
   ,   ,   ' ,  , 
            , 
             
    
4.                
: -
                
 ' ,            
             ,   
 , -   ,       
    
 
     
    (SSI)         
              ,
  '               
'         
  ,            '
  ,          ' - 
          -  
     
1.  :           
              
     ,         
      ,     (MSME)  
,             , 120
      
2.    :        (...) 
    
    ,    ' 
 ,     ,        
15
Easy2Siksha
        MSME ,   GDP   30%
       45%  
 
3.    :         
              , 
       -        
    -         
           
 
4.   :       '   
             

                   
      ,     
    
5.  :           
        ,   , ,
    ,          
               
    , MSME        40%
 
 
6.    :      '   ,  
 '             '
     ,   -   
  ,    ,     , 
             
     
        
     ,          
         :
1. MSME  (2006): ,      (MSMED)
 2006         
        MSMEs     
  ,           
2.     :        
         ,     
      (CGTMSE),     
(PMEGP),     -   ,   
  '     
3.    :        
 ,           , 
      -     ,  
16
Easy2Siksha
-            
       
4.     :      
     ,         
    ,      (CLCSS) 
    (TUFS)      
         ,
   
 
5.    :           
            
            
     (SFURTI)        
   ,       
6.    :          
           MSMEs 
    ,       
             

      
       ,     
     :
1.   :              
      ,      
     ,       
2.  :           
 '   ,          
  
        
   ,        
3.   :   ,     ,  
        ,     
    ,   ' -       
   
 
4.  :          
         ,     , 
             
   
5.  :   ,        
             , 
 '    ,          
17
Easy2Siksha
         
             '     
             
  -          
   '  '  ' '   
        -    
   
  ,              
-  '    ,         
'               

               ,
   
 ,      ,  
             ,  
   ,    ,      
               

   ,       ,  
              
-
5.        ? 1991          
  
:   -      
     
                
       ,       
   
 
1991     ,         
  '      ,      ' ,
,      , 1991     ,
        ,      
 
 
18
Easy2Siksha
   : 1991    
1991  ,           
 '              
'   
1. :     ,   , , ,   
              
 ,          
2. :  ,     , -  
             
     ,      
 
3.  : 1991      ,  ,  -
            
       
4.  :          , 
 
     ,   '    
     
1991   :  
1991 ,          ,  
           1991  
        ,    '   
     ,   ,    
    '     
1991           :
   :  ,   , 
  
   :        
     (FDI):        ,  
       
1991         
1991     ,         
                
    
 
19
Easy2Siksha
    
1.       :       
             
  1990-91 ,       30%  ,  
     60%  2000   ,    
75%     ,    , , ,  
      
2.    : ,  -  
   ,         
            - 
     
 
3.      :          
  ,   '   (IT)  IT-  (ITES)  
    IT , TCS, Infosys,  Wipro    
,  , ,      
     2010   ,       
40%  
 , 1991        
4.     :        , 
 ( )           
           ,   -
      
5.      : , ,       
              
  ,            
 
      
6.    :       
          
 ,          
 
    
1.     :     ,   
   , -        
       ,      
    
2.   '  :           , 
     
     '   
   ,          ,   
     -      
20
Easy2Siksha
3.      :          ,  1990 
                
  ,          
4.   -    : , , 
 -          
           
   -          
 
5.        :     , ,
,              
 -    ,      ' 
     
6.         : -     
    ,         ,  
          ,   
  -       
       
   (WTO),      (SAFTA)   ,
           
              
,            
  ,  ,  ,   -   
              
    
       
        ,   :
1.  :    ,   '       ' 
,             ,  
      
 ,      -
 '    
2.  :          ,  
  ,   ' ,        
 ,               
 ,    
3.      :        '  
       -   
 
  ,   ',     '    

21
Easy2Siksha
4.   :         ,   
,        '    
          

1991 ,           ,    
   
     '    
   '            
        ,   '   
       ,       
          
6.                
:             
       ,       
     
        , 
        -    
       
      ,
 ,           
          
1.     
  -  
       
       (FTP)      
             FTP
          -
         
 
           
   
          , 
            
 ,
            
         (SAFTA), -
   ,  ,      
     
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2.     
            
   (EPCs)         
     ,    
    ,     '   
  EPC      (EEPC), 
     (APEDA),  
   (PHARMEXCIL)  
  -        
             
 ,    
       
,          
  
3.      
    ,    ,   , 
           (SEZs),
     (FTWZs),     (EPZs)  
            
 
       (-  
)   (    )    
      '     -
   ,      
   '     
4.      
            
             (MEIS) 
  ,          , 
    (SEIS)         
  
        (   
    ),      (ECGC),  
  -         
  ,    
      
     ,         
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5.        
   (WTO)      ,   
  ,     ,   
             
   (),            , 
        ,     

         (SWIFT)   
  ,         
  ,           
  (DGFT)         
 , -          
   
6.         
            ,
            
          -
 '           ,
  (- )       
       
          '     
       ,     
     ,         -
             
            
   
7.     
          '    
   '       
,  , 
               
             
           
        
  
             
            -  

 
24
Easy2Siksha
8. ..        
   (...)       
         
 
        ,    
 ,             
  
,       ,   -
              
       
      ,      
  '      -      
           
9. -     
-     ,     
      - (GeM)   
,
            ' 
             
   ,   -       
  
  ,         
 ,    ,    
     ,          
 
10. 
   ,  ,   ,   
   
       

     ,      ,  
 ,     ,     
  -       
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-
7.                ?
:      
   -           
            ,   
             - 

  - ,   -        
      :
1.  
      ,       '     
1.4       ,          
          
 
2.    
             ,   
    
 ,          , 
     ,          
      
    ,  ,     
   
 ,   -      , 
-     
3.   
               
             
  
         -
    , 
         
  
4.  
,  ,      
     
 , , ,         
     ,        ,    
      
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5.  
           ,    
      '   ,       
             
6.  
                
 
 
   
       ,   
                
        ,          
 '           

7.   
        
     
        ,      
    
  
       
         
8.   
     ,     ,     
 
 ,  ,           
            ,   
   
9.   
    ,       ,     
               
             
         ,       

10.     
             ,    
,               
        '   ,    
     ,        
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11.  
         
 ,  
            
 ,        ,       
            
 
12.  
-             
          ,      

                ,  
      '   
       
       ,        ' 
   -        
     ,         
           :
1.      
             
     - ,    
 '              '
 ,        
     
              
" "       
2. -   
 ,      -    
  ,    '          
  ,           
      
3.   
              
             
    ,          
    " "     
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      
-     
       
4.     
          ,     
         ,    
  
          
    ,      "     
" ()       , -   
    
5.     
             ,   
            
,  ,         -  
              
 ,         
6.     
   ,      ,   
   "  "        
      ,    
               , 
   (SMEs)       , 
   
  
7.    
               
, ,        ,   '   
            
        ,        
 
8.   
             
          '     ,
  ,       
       ,      
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Easy2Siksha
  ,   
          
 
9.      
           
   ,    ,        
           ,    
            ,  
             

10.  
        '       
         , -    
      
    
               

    -            
            
 , 
 ,  ,          
      ,      
  ,              
      
8.               
    
?
:        
          1947     
 -           
,     
   ,   
          ,   
     1951  2017 ,       
   ,          
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       -    
    :
1.   
 -         , 
    
   
    (1951-1956)     '  , 
            
           
  (1966-1978):        ,    
         ' ,     
       -    ,  
,             
   -    
2.   
            
    (1956-1961)  '    ,  
            
 ,         '      ,
        ,     
 ,        
    :           
    ,      (),
     ()     
        
3.    
       ,       
    
   :       ,     
            
      
:           - ,
            
 
-   ,       
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4.    
              

  ( ) : 
 (1974-1979),   
 , " "      -    
   (IRDP)   
  '  
  : 
 (1980-1985)      (NREP)
      (RLEGP)     
 ,          
     ()
5.     
 ,   ' ,          
 
:     ,      
        (IITs), 
   (IIMs),        
         
:     ,    , 
           
       (PHCs)   
 
        
 :    ,   ' 
(1992-1997)  
 (1997-2002),     -   
 
      '   
6.  

   (1992-1997)      ,    
        -   
 -      
  : 1991       ,   
,    (FDI)  ,       
           
 ,          
7.   
            
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    (1961-1966)-       
        
 
 (1992-1997)    6%   ,  

(2007-2012) ,    8%     ,    
            
       
?
           , 2010   
 ,              
      2015       :
1.    
    ,   -   '    ,
  ,     
    
  -         ,  
     
2.   
                
        ,      - 
        -    -   '
       
3.    
             
-    ,            
            ,   
               
      
4.     '   
     -  -  '   ,  
         '    
      -         ' 
    ,    '   
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5.    
1990                  ,
      '       , 
,            - 
       
6.     
            
       ,   ,  
       
     ,
    '     

               
          , ,   
       ,       
, 21
 ,    ,       
 ,  , -        '   
,             
    -,     -, 
 '       
 
:      Ai      ( )       
        , 
  '         